1413The death of King Henry IV of England. It partly fulfilled a prophecy saying that he would die in Jerusalem. He died in Westminster Abbey's Jerusalem Chamber.

1469The birth, at Westminster Palace, London, of Cecily (also known as Cecelia) of York. She was the the third daughter of the ten children of King Edward IV. In 1474, aged just 5 years old, her father contracted a marriage alliance, betrothing Cecily to the future James IV of Scotland. This was later negated because of military conflicts between Edward IV and James III. Her first marriage (aged 16) was then annulled on the accession of her future brother-in-law, Henry Tudor, as King Henry VII of England. Tragedy then beset her second marriage when two of her daughters died and she was also widowed. She married one more time.

1549Thomas Seymour, Lord High Admiral of England who had planned to marry Princess Elizabeth after his wife, Catherine Parr died, was tried and executed for treason.

1616Sir Walter Raleigh was freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment to conduct a second expedition to Venezuela in search of El Dorado. On Raleigh's return to England, the outraged Spanish ambassador successfully demanded that King James reinstate Raleigh's death sentence.

1727Isaac Newton, English scientist and discoverer of the 'Laws of Gravity', died, aged 84. Newton was born at Woolsthorpe Manor near Grantham (see picture) and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

1780James Watt began manufacturing the first duplicator, which he had invented to help with the burden of office work generated by his steam engine business.

1796 The birth of the British politician Edward Gibbon Wakefield. His abduction of and marriage to the 15-year-old heiress Ellen Turner of Pott Shrigley led to 'The Shrigley abduction case - 1826'. The couple were married in Gretna Green (see his statue) before Turner's father was able to notify the authorities and intervene. The marriage was annulled by Parliament and Edward Gibbon Wakefield and his brother William, who had aided him, were convicted at trial and sentenced to three years in prison.

1806The foundation stone of Dartmoor prison (see picture) in Devon was laid. It opened three years later to house French prisoners of war, but by 1850 the first convicts were being imprisoned.

1908The birth of Sir Michael Redgrave, English stage and film actor, director, manager and author.

1917Dame Vera Lynn was born. During the Second World War she was known as the "Forces Sweetheart". Her songs included "We'll Meet Again" and "White Cliffs of Dover".

1966The football World Cup (Jules Rimet trophy) was stolen whilst being exhibited at Central Hall in London.

1974An attempt was made to kidnap Princess Anne in the Mall by a gunman who fired six shots, then tried to drag her out of the car. He fled as passers-by joined her bodyguard and police to foil the attempt, and was later caught. Ian Ball, who was charged with attempted murder, claimed he did it to highlight the lack of mental care facilities.

1980Mi Amigo, the ship from which the pirate radio station Radio Caroline broadcast its music programmes, sank during a severe storm. Radio Caroline was unlicensed by any government for most of its early life and was launched to circumvent the record companies' control of popular music broadcasting in the United Kingdom and the BBC's radio broadcasting monopoly. The station is still on the air today and currently broadcasts 24 hours a day via the Eurobird 1 satellite and the Internet.

1993Two young boys (Johnathan Ball, aged 3 and Tim Parry aged 12) died and at least 50 people were injured in two bomb blasts close to Warrington's shopping centre.

1999British balloonist Brian Jones and Swiss physicist Bertrand Piccard became the first to fly a hot-air balloon non-stop around the world.

2003Prime Minister Tony Blair made a live televised address and confirmed that British troops were in action in Iraq. American missiles hit Baghdad at 5:35 a.m. signalling the start of the US led campaign to topple Saddam Hussein.

2014Cancer Research UK released figures which showed that lung cancer rates among women in the UK had risen by 73% since 1975, but had fallen by 47% among men. "The proportion of men who smoke has been declining since the 1950s, while figures for women did not start to drop until the 1970s."

2015 A solar eclipse in the UK peaked at around 9.30am. Totality nowhere touched land in the United Kingdom but on the Isle of Lewis, coverage of the sun reached 98%.

2015 The Financial Times Share Index (FTSE 100) rose to more than 7,000 points for the first time in its history.

2017 The hundredth birthday of Dame Vera Lynn. During the Second World War she toured Egypt, India, and Burma, giving outdoor concerts for the troops. Her songs included "We'll Meet Again" and "White Cliffs of Dover". The release of a compilation album made her the first centenarian singer to have a new album.

2020 UK schools were shut from the end of afternoon school until further notice, as a response to the coronavirus pandemic. Assurance was given that the children of 'key workers' such as NHS staff, police and delivery drivers and also 'vulnerable children' would still be looked after in schools. All exams in May and June were cancelled, including GCSEs, AS- and A-Levels and primary school national curriculum tests known as SATs.

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